Paul begins with the universal problem of sin. All have sinned
(Romans 3:23) and are in need of God’s mercy (Romans 3:9-26).
God's Rescue Plan
Romans reveals God’s rescue plan for sinners. God justifies a
person by grace, through faith, so that the believer can live an
obedient life of service to God. This new life begins at
baptism, when the believer is united with Christ (Romans 6:3-7).
Justification by Faith
Acquittal from sin is not meritoriously earned by good conduct
(Romans 3:20). God grants justification by his grace as a free
gift (Romans 3:24, 8:33). Believers obtain access to God’s grace
by faith (Romans 5:2). Salvation is a free gift of God.
Paul tied obedience to faith (Romans 1:5, 16:26). Obedience from
the heart leads to righteousness (Romans 6:16-17). The faith of
Paul was belief-in-action. Jesus and James also connected
believing faith with works (John 6:28-29, James 2:14-26).
Jesus our Liberator
Paul explained the relationship between the Old and New
Testament. Given as a guide (Galatians 3:19-24), the Old Law
instilled awareness of sin, and imputed guilt that demanded
condemnation (Romans 7:7-11). Since humanity was unable to meet
the standards of the Old Law, God provided a liberator, Jesus,
to free us from the Old Law (Romans 8:1-4).
Paul's love for Israel
In light of the gospel, Paul discussed the spiritual condition
of Israel. Paul lamented Israel’s rejection of the gospel
(Romans 9:1-5), prayed for their salvation (Romans 10:1), and
emphasized their importance as God’s chosen people (Romans
11:11-32).
Before closing, Paul told the Roman Christians how to practice
righteousness toward the church, society, and government (Romans
12:1 – 15:13). He concluded with travel plans and greetings.