Work Motives
Reading this chapter outside the context of the whole book, one
might conclude that Solomon found work frustrating and devoid of
merit. This is not the case.
Previously he wrote that work was a source of pleasure, joy, and
satisfaction (Ecclesiastes 2:10, 3:13, 22). And Solomon noted
that God gave this enjoyment as a gift (2:24-26, 3:13). Later he
wrote, “Whatever your hand finds to do, do it with all your
might” (8:10, ESV). So what was Solomon’s point?
Motive defines work. Your motive for working will decide whether
you receive joy and satisfaction. Motive, not success,
determines the level of fulfillment you receive from work.
Ecclesiastes 4 Outline
4:1-3
The oppressed suffer alone
4:4-8
Work, achievement, and contentment
4:4-6
Envy-driven achievement
4:7-8
Self-centered, covetous work
4:9-12
Advantages of companionship
4:13-16
Changes of Royalty
Better Than
The “better than” passages first appear in this chapter. This
structure enabled the proverb writer to contrast a superior
condition with an inferior condition. The better condition
usually possessed some counter-intuitive irony.
For example, Proverbs 15:16 states, “Better is a little with the
fear of the Lord than great treasure and trouble with it.”
Cycle of Leadership
This reading concludes with a surprising political allegory. An
old, hardened king is compared to a receptive youth.
The king is a closed-minded man who refuses the advice of
others. Despite his lack of status and wealth, the young man
succeeds the old king because he is receptive to instruction.
Time ultimately robs the new king of his popularity. Failed
hopes lead his subjects to discontentment.